收入水平、老龄化与营养摄入——基于广东省城镇住户数据的研究

进入新世纪以来,中国城镇居民面临营养不足与营养过剩并存的双重挑战。文章基于广东省城镇住户调查数据,运用门限模型对样本进行了异质性检验和高低收入样本的划分,在此基础上开展了高低收入样本下收入水平和老龄化对城镇居民营养摄入影响的实证分析。结果表明:总体样本中城镇居民营养摄入存在显著的收入门限效应;低于门限值样本的能量、蛋白质和脂肪需求的收入弹性分别为0.816、0.848和0.840,而当人均收入跨过门限值后,对应的收入弹性值减小为0.666、0.507和0.481;同时,老龄化对高收入组样本的营养摄入有负向显著性影响,但对低收入组样本的影响不显著。可见,在制定不同收入水平人群的食物与营养政策时,有必要采取差别化的干预措施,引导科学合理膳食,改善食物与营养结构;把重点人群作为突破口,开展老年人营养监测和膳食引导。

Income Level,Aging and Nutrient Intake: A Study Based on Urban Household Data in Guangdong Province

Chinese urban residents face the dual challenge of undernutrition and overnutrition. Based on the household survey data of Guangdong Province, this paper uses the threshold model to carry out the threshold division of the high and low income samples and further estimate the effect of income level and aging on nutrient intake. The results show that there is a significant income threshold effect on nutrient intake in the overall sample. The income elasticities of energy, protein and fat demand below the threshold sample are 0.816, 0.848 and 0.840, respectively. When the per capita income crosses the threshold, the corresponding income elasticities decrease to 0.666, 0.507 and 0.481. The effect of aging on the nutrient intake of high-income group is negatively significant, but the effect on low-income group is not significant. It can be seen that it is necessary to adopt differentiated interventions to guide the diet when formulating food and nutrition demand policies at different income levels. It is necessary to carry out the elderly nutrition monitoring and dietary guidance.