Testing metric equivalence in cross‐national strategy research: an empirical test across the United States and Japan

We propose a conceptual and analytical framework for assessing metric equivalence in cross‐national strategy research. We illustrate this framework by testing the equivalence of measurement models for a set of strategy constructs across the United States and Japan. Results of a two‐group LISREL analysis conducted on a data set of 447 interorganizational relationships reveal that some constructs have strong cross‐national equivalence, while others need content respecification or reconceptualization. We discuss implications and offer suggestions about how to conduct empirical strategy research in cross‐national settings. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.