我国渔业水域突发污染事件分析

针对近年来我国渔业水域各种突发污染事件频繁发生的问题,本文基于水污染和突发事件应急管理等管理理论,通过问卷调查、理论分析、案例分析等方法对我国渔业水域突发事件进行分析探讨,研究的主要内容包括:渔业水域主要污染物、渔业水域突发污染事件的事发原因及事件特征。研究认为:(1)耗氧有机物、石油类污染物是渔业水域中主要的污染物,内陆渔业水域的污染事件是我国当前加强防污治污的重点;(2)企业违法或超标排放是渔业水域突发污染事件的主要诱因;(3)污水处理费用高、违规排污成本低,使得企业肆意违规排污;(4)渔业水域突发污染事件具有紧急性、危害性、复杂性和动态蔓延性4个特征。本文通过对我国渔业水域突发污染事件的发生原因和事件特征进行归纳总结,有利于相关部门对事件管理采取有针对性的措施,以提高应对突发渔业水域污染事故调查处理的能力,有利于《水污染防治法》的落实,对于构建和谐渔区,维护渔业生态资源可持续利用,具有重大意义。

Analysis of Chinese emergency events on fishery water pollution

In recent years, Chinese Emergency Events on fishery water pollution often occurred. Based on researches on the theories of water pollution and emergency management, author carefully researched the Chinese fishery water emergency through Questionnaire, Theory Analysis and Case Analysis. The researches include the main pollutants in fishery water, the cause of fishery water pollution, as well as the characteristics of fishery water pollution events. The main conclusions of this paper are： （a） It is found that Biochemical Oxygen Demand （BOD） and Petroleum are the main pollutants in fishery water. Furthermore, inland fishery water contamination is the key point for strengthening pollution control. （b） It is found that businesses wanton violation is the main incentive of pollutants in fishery water. （c） The high cost of sewage treatment and the low cost of violation of sewage emission causes businesses wanton violation. （d） The fishery water pollution events have the characteristics of urgency, hazard, complexity and dynamic propagation. Considering the reason of fishery water pollution and the characteristics of the fishery water pollution events, it will be benefit for relevant departments to adopt pertinent measures to reduce the damage, and to carry out Water Pollution Prevention and Control Law of the People＇s Republic of China, it is important to conduct a systematical research for establishing harmonious zone of fishery and maintain the prompting effective use of fishery water eco-resources.