“再工业化”背景下的中美制造业竞争力比较

本文以美国针对虚拟经济极端膨胀与实体经济弱化提出的“再工业化”为背景，以形象反映产业价值链特征的“微笑曲线”为基础，主要从制造业技术密集度分布格局、制造业与生产者服务业融合度的角度，依据中国“九五”时期、“十五”时期、“十一五”时期重点年份的中美投入产出表数据，对中美制造业发展程度进行对比分析，以寻求中国制造业产业升级、提升国际竞争力的路径。研究表明，从制造业技术密集度分布格局来看，中国趋于低端，美国制造业趋于高端且结构平衡稳定，但中国具备较大的发展潜力，两国差距正逐年缩小；从制造业与生产者服务业的融合度来看，中国制造业产业链在上下游与服务业的融合都与美国存在一定差距，尤其体现在科技研发方面。

U.S.AND CHINA'S MANUFACTURING COMPETITIVENESS COMPARISON UNDER REINDUSTRIALIZATION

Based on the method of smile curve to reflect industry value chain,this paper compared U.S.and China’s manufacturing competitiveness from the aspects of distribution pattern of technology-intensive manufacturing,integration of manufacturing and producer services,to explore the path of Chinese manufacturing industry upgrading,and improve its international competitiveness during the ninth,tenth and eleventh five-year periods,under the background of reindustrialization,which proposed by U.S.regarding the extreme expansion of the virtual economy and weakening of the real economy.The empirical results showed that China was still in a lower level,while U.S.was stably in a higher level from the technology-intensive manufacturing distribution.However,China’s growth potential was huge and the gap was shrinking every year.From the balanced integration of manufacturing and producer services,China was significantly weaker than U.S.,especially in R&D.