中国劳动力市场结构与农村剩余劳动力转移

中国劳动力市场的特殊结构对农村剩余劳动力转移有重要影响。本文通过吸收二元制劳动力市场分割理论的基本假设和对制度变量的讨论，建立了中国农村剩余劳动力转移的“二元市场与二元劳动力”模型，并用以解释中国农村剩余劳动力转移的特点。本文认为，政府的强制性制度障碍导致“S型的人力资本投资曲线”的产生，从而使城市居民在主要劳动力市场具有政策和人力资本优势；作为对福利制度缺失的替代，“隐形补贴”等诱致性制度创新导致农村剩余劳动力在次要劳动力市场具有成本优势。这一模型对于我国农村剩余劳动力迁移中的特殊现象有较好的解释力，对于我国城市化战略和我国一元劳动力市场的形成有重要的理论意义。

CHINA'S LABOR MARKET STRUCTURE AND RURAL SURPLUS LABOR FORCE MIGRATION

The particular structure of China’s labor market had made a great impact on the migration of rural surplus labor force.This paper absorbed the basic hypothesis of the dual labor market theory.With discussion of the institutional variables in details,this paper tried to establish a model of dual labor market and dual labor force.This paper explained the main characteristic of rural surplus labor force migration in China,and indicated that it was the obstacle of government’s mandatory institution which led to the appearance of S-shaped human capital investment curve.Therefore,urban residents had politic and educational advantages on primary laboring sectors on the same time.As a substitution of welfare system,induced institutional change such as "recessive allowances" resulted in cost advantages which rural surplus labor force had in secondary laboring sectors.This model had better explanation on many special phenomena which happened in the process of migration of rural surplus labor force in China.It was of important theoretical significance on both the strategy of urbanization and the formation of unary labor market.