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Understanding economic openness: a review of existing measures |
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| Authors: | Gräbner Claudius Heimberger Philipp Kapeller Jakob Springholz Florian |
| Affiliation: | 1.Institute for the Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy (ICAE), Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria ;2.Institute for Socio-Economics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany ;3.Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies (wiiw), Vienna, Austria ; |
| Abstract: | Review of World Economics - This paper surveys measures of economic openness, the latter being understood as the degree to which non-domestic actors can or do participate in a domestic economy.... |
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