基于要素禀赋的比较优势理论在我国贸易实践中适用性的经验检验

本文以2000、2003、2005年的进出口商品为样本,对其按要素禀赋进行了分类,并直接从要素存量的相对多寡出发确定出在理论上应具有比较优势的产业,最后用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数衡量理论和实际的一致性。结果显示,无明显证据表明中国的资本和人力资本密集型商品的对外贸易是顺应基于要素禀赋的比较优势的,但中国的出口充分发挥了劳动力充裕这一优势,而对劳动密集型商品的进口实施了限制。

Empirical Examination on Factor-Endowment-Determined Comparative Advantages of China

Empirical examination on factor-endowment-determined comparative advantages of Chi- na is of great importance in theory and practice. This paper, taking the import and export of 2000, 2003, 2005 as a sample, sorts them scientifically according to factor endowment, and then locates the industries with comparative advantage in theory. Finally, it compares the consistence of the above two variables through Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The results show that the movement of capital-intensive and labor-power-capital intensive commodities can not be regarded as consistent with that predicted by theory for the lack of sufficient evidence, but the large amount of labor has sup- ported export a lot while there is a restriction on the import of labor-intensive commodities.