中国企业出口增长的决定因素:生产率抑或企业规模

基于2014～2016年BvD-Oriana亚太企业分析库和中国海关进出口数据库匹配的电气制造业企业样本数据,采用Heckman模型对生产率和企业规模对中国企业出口增长的影响进行了实证检验。结果表明:总体而言,生产率与企业出口增长的正相关性并不显著,甚至存在"生产率陷阱"现象;企业规模对企业出口增长始终具有显著的正向影响,并且独立于生产率的作用。这一结果在使用不同企业规模代理变量和不同生产率计算方法进行控制的模型中依然保持稳健。本研究既丰富了异质性企业贸易理论,又可对新时代促进中国企业出口增长和经济高质量发展提供理论基础。

The Determinants of Export Growth of Chinese Enterprises:Productivity or Scale of Enterprises

Based on the sample data of electrical manufacturing enterprises matched by BvD-Oriana Asia-Pacific Enterprise Analysis Database and China Customs Import and Export Database from 2014 to 2016,this paper uses Heckman model to empirically test the impact of productivity and enterprise size on export growth of Chinese enterprises.The results show that the positive correlation between productivity and export growth is not significant and there is even a“productivity trap”while enterprise size has a significant positive effect on its export growth and is independent of productivity.This result is robust in the control models using different scale agent variables and different productivity calculation methods.This study not only enriches the theory of heterogeneous enterprise trade,but also provides a theoretical basis for promoting export growth and high-quality economic development of Chinese enterprises in the new era.