对20世纪上半期"以农立国"思想的再审视

20世纪20年代至40年代，在中国的思想学术界发生了一场是以农立国还是以工立国的争论。对于这场争论中的“以农立国”观点，已有的经济思想史或现代史研究者大都作出了否定性结论。本文认为，作为当时社会经济出现重大转折的产物，以农立国思想具有特定的理论价值。首先，它所揭示的农业在现代经济中的基础地位，对此后中国农业现代化思想的发展，对发展经济学的创立，都有着重要的意义；其次，以农立国思想所强调的在现代化过程中优先发展农业经济的主张，有助于我们反思新中国成立后社会主义经济发展的经验教训；第三，在更深广的层面，以农立国思想所蕴涵的农业文化理念，对于我们今天重新认识农业的意义，深化我们的伦理经济观念，并非没有启迪。

A Reexamination to the Thought of "Taking Agriculture as Country's Base" from the 1920s to the 1940s in China

From the 1920s to the 1940s, there was a heated dispute on economic ba se of country among scholars. Some of them thought industrialization was a corre ct choice for China's economic developing. The others insisted that, as an agric ultural country, China must preserve traditional civilization and pay main atten tion to agriculture. By now, most research workers think the latter are erroneou s or conservative. In my opinion, this conclusion is oversimplified. In this pap er, I want to prove three positions: the first, some important theoretical facto rs of development economics stemmed from scholars who looked agriculture as a ba se of country's economy; the second, it is helpful for us to braw lessons from i ndustrialization from 1950s to 1960s; the third, it has extensive cultural signi ficance.