旅游管理专业的学科认同:量表开发与维度测量

学科认同是表现学习者认可自身价值和追求职业发展目标的重要衡量指标之一.文章在文献分析、成熟量表测度语句借鉴、访谈和自编测度语句基础上开发了旅游管理专业的学科认同问卷,通过对西安6所高校旅游管理专业本科生的正式调查,采用探索性和验证性因子分析方法验证了旅游管理专业学科认同的结构和关联维度.研究结果表明:所开发的量表具有较好的整体结构和关联维度；旅游管理专业的学科认同由专业学习、专业前景、专业意识、职业发展、专业投机、社会偏见、专业归属等7个维度构成；7个维度中专业学习、专业前景、专业意识对旅游管理专业的总体学科认同影响力最大.该研究对于未来旅游管理专业学科优化、学生职业教育培养和引平等均具有参考价值.

Discipline Identity in the Major of Tourism Management: Scale Development and Dimensional Measurement

Major identity is an essential part in the research of self-identification and self-development.Erik H Erikson suggested that major identity is one of the most confusing problems among young teenagers in late-puberty.The implication of major identity is broad,and one explanation is "whether people like their majors,develop their careers according to the majors,accept the social value of the major and occupation,have the sense of self-value reflection in corresponding work,accept the regulation of major and occupation voluntarily,express the wishes to treat their own majors as life-long development goal".Major identity is also a self-expression in major study and research area.Additionally,major identity is a clear understanding that people will have/already have their group membership,the attitude and feeling of the major and the group,as well as the corresponding actions. Based on the review of relevant literature and previously developed well-accepted measurement scales,and interviews with the undergraduate students majoring in tourism management,this study developed a questionnaire survey of tourism management major identity.The survey was conducted with undergraduate students majoring in tourism management in six universities in Xi’an.Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to validate the structure and relevant dimensions of tourism management major identity.As a result,seven dimensions were extracted.They are labeled as major learning,major prospect,major ideology,career development,major speculation,social prejudice,and major attachment.The analysis results also indicate satisfactory reliability and validity of the major identity measurement scale.Among these seven dimensions,major learning,major prospect and major ideology have more impact than other dimensions on general major identity of tourism management.The study has implications in both subject optimization and training and guiding students’ vocational education in the future. The conclusion shows that the educators and researchers in tourism management should be prudent to the teaching which is the main channel of major identity shaping.Whether the teaching is appropriate or not is closely related to the development of the students as well as the group identification of tourism management.To improve major identity,initially we should start with the progress of some important teaching steps such as the scientificity of teaching,the environment quality of study and the setting of curriculum.At the same time,we should guide the students to a proper understanding of the major and industry,and pay close attention to the "globality" and "integrality" of students’ major consciousness.