低碳旅游服务提供效率评价研究——以张家界景区环保交通为例

文章基于投入产出分析,构建低碳旅游服务提供效率评价的数据包络法(DEA)和随机前沿函数法(SFA)。DEA优势在于不需要估计函数形式,但趋向于高估经营管理的无效率水平。SFA将低碳旅游组织低效率区分为干扰项无效率和纯管理无效率,通过测算其随机前沿生产成本函数来测算其低碳旅游服务的提供效率。文章以张家界市景区环保交通低碳旅游服务为研究对象进行实证分析显示:环保交通低碳旅游服务提供效率较低、存在较为严重的季节波动性,但呈现出递增的变化规律;旅游总人次、人力资本投资、固定资产投资对低碳旅游服务提供效率产生正向影响,而劳动者数量、燃料消耗对其产生负面影响。该研究为提供低碳旅游服务的旅游企业经营决策与公共政策制定提供了理论与实证依据。

On the Evaluation Approach of "Low-carbon Tourism" Service Providing Efficiency and Its Empirical Study——Based on the Empirical Inspection of Environmental Protection and Transport Tourism Service in Zhangjiajie

Based on input-output analysis,the paper establishes date enveloping approach(DEA) and stochastic frontier approach(SFA) for the evaluation of "low-carbon tourism" service providing efficiency.The advantage of DEA is that it does not need to estimate providing function.However,it tends to over-estimate non-efficiency level of operation and management.SFA divides managing inefficiency of "low-carbon tourism" into disturbing non-efficiency and pure-management non-efficiency.We measure its stochastic frontier cost function to calculate "low-carbon tourism" service providing efficiency.With environmental protection and transport of"low-carbon tourism" in Zhangjiajie scenic areas as an object of study,we make an empirical analysis,which shows: "low-carbon tourism service efficiency there is pretty low,with quite severe seasonal fluctuation,presenting the changing regulation of increase by degrees.Total number(time) of tourists,manpower capital investment and fixed assets investment exert positive impact on the efficiency,while number of laborers and fuel consumption exert negative impact.The study provides theoretical and empirical basis for the operational decision-making of tourism enterprises supplying "low-carbon tourism" service as well as the formulation of public policies.