世贸组织改革背景下的产业政策议题研究

产业政策是世贸组织改革的焦点之一。2008年国际金融危机后世贸组织成员出台的产业政策增多,新冠肺炎疫情大流行以来又密集出台新的产业政策。这些选择性或功能性的产业政策呈现现代化和复杂化特点,发达成员和发展中成员在多边贸易体制框架下对产业政策有不同的认知和理解,美欧日力主在世贸组织改革中约束市场扭曲行为的产业政策。中国可以在世贸组织改革中主张全面的产业政策,坚持功能论为产业政策议题讨论提供理论基础,开展全景式产业政策讨论,在农业、工业、服务业等产业之间取得产业政策和产业补贴的利益谈判平衡点,同时坚持市场原则引导世贸组织框架下产业政策议题走向。世贸组织改革离不开为各成员提供均能接受的舒适空间,应允许成员的产业政策为新兴产业提供普适性激励,为产业政策制定试错机制和内置日落条款,将狭义上的产业补贴谈判转向广义上的产业政策讨论,推动世贸组织改革适应新工业革命要求不断更新多边贸易规则、平衡照顾成员不同发展阶段的产业政策诉求。

Research on Industrial Policy Issues in the Context of WTO Reform

Industrial policy is one of the focal points of WTO reform.The members increased industrial policies after international financial crisis 2008 and the trends are equally important within the COVID-19 pandemic recently.These selective or functional industrial policies are characterized by modernization and complexity,but developed and developing WTO members have different perceptions and understandings of industrial policies under the framework of the multilateral trading system.The United States,Europe and Japan advocate restricting the industrial policies that distort the market economy in the process of WTO reform.This paper holds that China can advocate a comprehensive industrial policy for the future of WTO reform,adhere to thefunction theoryto provide a theoretical basis for the discussion of industrial policy issues,carry out a panoramic industrial policy discussion in order to achieve a balance point of interest negotiation of industrial policies and industrial subsidies issues among agriculture,manufacturing and service industry,and stick to the principle of market economy to deal with the industrial policies under the WTO framework.The WTO reform may offer acceptable comfortable space among all WTO members on the grounds that the industrial policies should be allowed to provide universal incentives for infant industries,and formulate trial and error mechanisms and built-in sunset clauses.It is believed that the members may turn the negotiation of industrial subsidies from narrow scope into broad one for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of the new industrial revolution,constantly updating the multilateral trade rulebooks,and balancing the industrial policy demands at different stages of development within the WTO reform.