土地财政、虚高城市化与土地粗放利用

本文从我国当前土地利用低效的现实出发，借助制度经济学和博弈论等理论方法，分析了我国体制转型期土地财政、虚高城市化以及土地粗放利用之间的因果联系。研究表明，我国在城市化过程中出现的种种土地低效利用现象，与体制转型期地方政府的行为，尤其是追求土地财政的冲动密不可分。城市化虚高除表现在城市拓展与产业结构升级背道而驰、人口城市化明显滞后于土地城市化之外，更直接的表现则是许多地方热衷“摊大饼”式的城市化扩张模式。在以经济增长为导向的发展目标激励下，作为城镇建设土地的所有者、供给者与垄断者“三位一体”的政府，会倾向于通过权衡土地的成本和收益，从而赋予土地宏观方面的增长功能。由于中央政府对地方政府的软预算约束，在城市化过程中，地方政府采取“经营城市”、“经营土地”的策略行为就成为题中应有之义，土地的粗放利用也成为必然之后果。

Land Fiscal, Exaggerated Urbanization and Inefficient Use of Land

Starting from our current inefficient reality of land using, this paper analyzes the causal link between China＇s institutional transition land finance, the unrealistically high urbanization as well as the exten- sive use of land by the theoretical approach of institutional economics and game theory. The study shows that the phenomenon of the inefficient use of land in China＇s urbanization process is caused by the behavior of the system of local government in transition, and especially caused inseparably by the pursuit of the Land fiscal impulse. Unrealistically high urbanization shows in the expansion of the cities is out of touch with the upgra- ding of industrial structure, population urbanization has lagged far behind in the land of urbanization, as well as many places keen ＂pie -urbanization expansion＂. Due to the presence of soft budget constraints, the local government will take the ＂operate city＂, ＂operate land＂ strategic behavior, which led to the extensive use of land.