Food insecurity,gender, and international migration in low- and middle-income countries |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Economics, University College London, 30 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AX, UK;2. Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration, University College London, 30 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AX, UK |
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Abstract: | The determinants of migration have been widely studied but research has rarely addressed the roles of food insecurity and gender in the migration decision process. To address these gaps, we examine these relationships for 135,078 individuals across 94 low- and middle-income countries. We use a series of binary-choice models with sample selection and data from the 2014–2015 waves of the Gallup World Poll Survey, which includes the first global measure of individual-level food insecurity. Results, which are robust, indicate that food insecurity is an important determinant of both migration intentions and preparations, and the probability of migration intentions increase monotonically with the severity of food insecurity, and the probability of migration preparations decrease. These relationships also differ significantly by gender and level of gross national income. Evidence suggests a need for increased coordination between the international food security and migration policy agendas. |
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Keywords: | Food security Food access Experiential food security Gender Poverty Emigration |
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