Yield effects of climate-smart agriculture aid investment in southern Malawi |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA, 406 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA;2. Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA;1. Africa Centre of Excellence (ACE) for Climate Smart Agriculture and Biodiversity Conservation (Climate SABC), Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia;2. Health Systems and Health Economics, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia;3. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), P.O.BOX MP 228, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;4. Department of Agriculture Economics and Extension, University of Zimbabwe, P.O.BOX MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;1. African Climate Policy Centre (ACPC), United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia;2. African Development Bank (AfDB), Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire;3. Centre de coopération internationale de la recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR-Eau, Marseille, France;4. Institut National de l’Environnement et de la Recherche Agricole (INERA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso;1. Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy;2. Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, Milan, Italy;3. Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA;4. Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA;5. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA |
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| Abstract: | Binding resource constraints in many low- and middle-income countries aggravate food insecurity risk in the face of climate change. To help mitigate such risk and increase food security, international development agencies have invested billions of dollars in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) programs over the past decade. However, rigorous evidence on the food security impacts of CSA aid through crop yields remains scant generally, and specifically in sub-Saharan Africa. Most studies have not explicitly linked CSA adoption and yield impacts with CSA aid interventions among smallholder farmers. Here, we respond to this knowledge gap by estimating the impact of a major CSA aid effort (the United States Agency for International Development-funded Wellness and Agriculture for Life’s Advancement (WALA) project) on agricultural yields in Southern Malawi. Based on primary survey data from a sample of 808 households in the project area, we use endogenous switching regression and a control function approach to estimate CSA adoption and impacts on maize yield in 2016, controlling for potential program placement bias, selection bias in CSA adoption, and endogeneity issues. We found a 53% increase in maize yield among CSA adopters in the drought year of 2016. Results demonstrate that policies and funding streams supporting CSA in low-income, dryland contexts such as southern Malawi can have important impacts on food security by boosting crop yields in the face of increasing climate uncertainty and extreme weather shocks. |
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| Keywords: | Climate-smart agriculture Climate finance Food security Maize yield Malawi |
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