基于生态学与水力学的水电站鱼道进口位置优化研究

为了合理布置鱼道进口，基于生态学与水力学理论和数值模拟方法，计算了某大型水电站下 游河道流场分布情况，结合过鱼对象的游泳能力和生活习性，划分了适宜布置鱼道进口的河道区域。 结果表明: 尾水渠内流态较为复杂，存在不同程度的环流或横向回流。随着机组增加，下游河道断 面流速增大，最大值可达 1. 4 m /s，但左岸位置始终存在低流速带，有利于布置鱼道进口。不同机 组组合发电运行工况下，下游河道流速分布与量值存在较大差异，需要布置 4 个鱼道进口以适应 不同运行工况。通过加设不透水丁坝的河道整治方案，左岸岸边流场得到改善，鱼类适宜聚集区 域得到集中，从而将鱼道进口布置数量优化为 3 个。研究思路和优化方法可为鱼道工程进口布置 提供参考。

Ecology and hydraulics-based study on optimization of location for fishway entrance of hydropower station

In order to reasonably arrange fishway entrance，the situation of flow field distribution within the downstream channel of a large-scaled hydropower station is calculated on the basis of both the ecological and hydraulic theories and the numerical simulation method，and then the areas in the channel suitable for arranging the fishway entrance are divided in accordance with both the swimming abilities and the living behaviors of the relevant migratory fishes. The result shows that the flow regime in the tailrace channel is more complicated with circulating flow or transverse backflow to various extents therein. Following with the increase of the hydropower units，the cross-sectional flow velocity in the downstream channel is increased with the maximum value up to 1. 4 m/s，however，a low flow-velocity zone is there near the left bank all along，which is favorable for arranging the fishway entrance. Under the power generation operation conditions of the different combinations of hydropower units，a large difference is there between the flow velocity distribution and its value in the downstream channel，therefore，4 fishway entrances are necessary to be arranged to adapt to different operation conditions. Through the channel training scheme of adding impervious spur dike，the flow field near the left bank is improved，and then the gathering zones suitable for fish are concentrated，thus the arranging number of the fishway entrance is optimized into 3. Both the study idea and optimization method mentioned herein can provide references for the arrangement of fishway entrance.