数字经济对我国制造业出口竞争力的影响及其门槛效应

在传统比较优势不断削弱的背景下,我国要利用数字经济来提升制造业出口竞争力。采用2013—2020年我国各地区微观数据,研究数字经济与我国制造业出口竞争力之间的关系、内在影响机制,以及数字经济与制造业出口竞争力之间关系成立的边界条件。结果发现:数字经济与制造业出口竞争力存在显著的空间正相关性;数字经济能提升所在地区的制造业出口竞争力,对临近地区的制造业出口竞争力也有积极的影响;中介效应检验结果发现,创新效率、人力资本积累和协同集聚三个变量均在数字经济对我国制造业出口竞争力的影响中存在中介效应;在以进口贸易占比为门槛变量的情形下,数字经济发展对西部地区制造业出口竞争力的促进作用在门槛前低于东部地区,但在门槛后显著高于东部地区、中部地区、东北地区和全国。因此,应大力推动西部地区新型数字基础设施建设,发挥新型数字基础设施建设对贸易升级的促进作用。通过人力资本质量的提升、数字经济的集聚发展、创新效率的全面提升,逐步提高我国出口企业国际竞争力。

The Influence and Threshold Effect of Digital Economy on China's Manufacturing Export Competitiveness

Under the background of the weakening of China's traditional comparative advantage,China should use digital economy to enhance its export competitiveness.Based on the data of various regions in China from 2013 to 2020,this paper studies the relationship between digital economy and China's export competitiveness,the internal influence mechanism,and the boundary conditions for the establishment of the relationship between digital economy and export competitiveness.There is a significant spatial positive correlation between digital economy and export competitiveness.Digital economy can not only enhance the export competitiveness of the region,but also have a positive impact on the export competitiveness of adjacent regions.Innovation efficiency,human capital accumulation and collaborative agglomeration have intermediary effects in the impact of digital economy on China's export competitiveness.With the proportion of import trade as the threshold variable,the promotion effect of digital economy development on the export competitiveness of the western region is lower than that of the eastern region before the threshold,but significantly higher than that of the eastern region,the central region and the whole country after the threshold.Through the improvement of human capital quality,the centralized development of digital economy and the overall improvement of innovation efficiency,we should gradually improve the international competitiveness of China's export enterprises.