数字贸易发展的经济效应与推进方略

作为数字化时代的新型贸易模式,数字贸易将对未来的贸易方式、贸易产品、贸易参与者、贸易规则产生深远影响,具有重要的经济学理论价值和现实价值。从微观市场主体、市场效率以及全球贸易发展新动力等角度来看,数字贸易都能衍生出积极的经济效应,有望进一步提高贸易参与者的福利。但也正因为其全新的生产和交换属性,数字贸易的发展面临诸多制约因素,特别是数字贸易国际规则体系还未有效构建,各国数字贸易监管规则和重点也不同。鉴于此,我国需要从国家层面提高数字贸易战略地位,探索形成数字贸易发展新理念,并着力推动在WTO框架下完善数字贸易规则体系,在双边和区域贸易协定中加强数字贸易规则谈判,同时加快完善数字基础设施建设,探索数字贸易背景下新的产品分类体系。

The Economic Effect and Development Strategy of Digital Trade

As a new type of trade mode in digital era, digital trade will have profound impact on trade methods, trade products, trade participants and trade rules. Therefore, it has significant theoretical and practical value. From the point of microeconomic participants, market efficiency and new driver of global trade, digital trade will have positive economic effect and will increase the welfare of trade participants. However, because of its new attributes, digital trade will face many constraint factors during its development process. Especially, new international rules of digital trade haven’t established yet, and every country has different regulatory policy. Facing the above facts, China needs to have country level development strategy and form new development concept of digital trade. Meanwhile, China should realize it can play an important role in improving WTO rules related to digital trade and strength negotiations with other countries under FTA or RTA. Finally, China should also improve the digital infrastructure and explore to build new products classification system of digital trade.