“一带一路”跨国技术溢出网络空间演化与路径识别——加权复杂网络分析视角

运用加权复杂网络分析法对“一带一路”跨国技术溢出网络的空间格局演化、板块间技术溢出机制及国家间主要技术溢出路径进行分析,结果发现：①网络技术溢出强度提升显著,但呈偏态分布,仅有少数国家存在技术溢出,多数国家扮演着技术吸收者的角色;②网络呈现“核心-边缘”结构,中国、韩国和俄罗斯发挥着“发动机”、“传导”和“桥梁”的功效;③由中国、韩国等5国构成的板块一是“一带一路”跨国技术溢出的核心阵地,由俄罗斯等11国构成的板块二接收来自板块一的技术溢出,并将技术溢出动能向其它板块传递,由其余114国构成的板块三作为净受益者,是技术溢出动能传递路径的最终环节;④技术溢出路径既有空间依赖也有新的路径创造。技术主要被核心国家和发达国家吸收转化,体现出固定区域技术溢出的自我强化和反势能技术流特点。新增路径主要指向欠发达国家,表明越来越多的欠发达国家与核心国家产生技术联系并从中受益。

Spatial Evolution and Path Identification of International Technology Spillover Network in the Belt and Road Region

Based on the analytic weighted complex network process,this paper analyzes the evolution of the spatial pattern of the network,the spillover mechanism between blocks and the main spillover paths among countries.As a result,four conclusions are drawn.Firstly,the technology spillover intensity of the network increases significantly,and shows skewers distribution.Only a few countries have spillover technology,and more countries play the role of technology absorbers.Secondly,the network has a Core-Periphery structure.China,South Korea and Russia play the core role in network which serve triple efficacy as an “Engine”,“Intermediary” and “Bridge”.Thirdly,the network can be divided into three blocks.The first block which composed of China,South Korea and other two countries is the core area of network.The second block which composed of Russia and other ten countries receives technology which transfers from the first block,and transfers the kinetic energy of technology spillover to the others.The third block which composed of remaining 114 countries is the net beneficiary,and which is the final link of kinetic energy transfer path.Fourthly,technology spillover path not only has spatial dependence,but also constantly creates new paths.Technology is mainly absorbed and transformed by core countries and developed countries,which shows that technology spillover has the characteristics of self-strengthening in a fixed region and anti-potential technology flow.The new path mainly points to the less developed countries,which indicates that many less developed countries have benefit from network.