道德风险:国有商业银行转型的困扰与挑战

在金融业中,与其他风险相比,道德风险最难控制。从披露的典型案例看,当前国有商业银行道德风险呈“长期交易、权力寻租、上下皆为、内外勾结、损失惊人”五大特征,其成因除了产权制度缺陷、治理结构失衡、激励机制扭曲、约束体系软弱、考核制度异化之外,由银行改制转型引起的文化缺失、心理恐慌、财务重组等则进一步加剧了道德风险。为此,必须遵循“由易到难、由表及里、由下而上、由形入神、由内向外、由近至远”六大原则,从完善治理机制、创新激励手段、培育治理文化、注重外部治理和重构股权结构等方面入手,积极探索抑制国有商业银行道德风险的有效方法与路径。

Moral Risk: Problems and Challenge Faced by State-Owned Commercial Banks in Transformation

Compared with other risks in financial industry, moral risk is the most uncontrollable. From the typical cases disclosed, it is very clear that the moral risks baffling state-owned commercial banks now can be characteristically summarized in five phrases, e.g. "long-term transaction, power rent-seeking, collusion between superior and subordinates and amazing loss." Excepts for ownership defects, unbalanced governance structure, distorted incentive mechanism, weak disciplinary system and alienated assessment system, cultural disorientation, psychological panic and financial restructuring due to banking transformation also contribute further to the moral risks. So, efforts should be made to actively explore the ways and methods to prevent moral risks in the spirit of "from the easy to the difficult, from the surface to the center, from the bottom to the top, from the form to the spirit, from the inside to the outside and from the near to the far" by perfecting governance mechanism, innovating incentive methods, fostering governance culture, stressing external governance and share structure.