旅游驱动乡村社会重构的特征与机制研究——以湖州顾渚村为例

乡村旅游是推动乡村重构的重要驱动力量,乡村社会重构是乡村重构研究的重要内容。本文以典型旅游村落湖州市顾渚村为案例地,从乡村居民视角出发,分析乡村社会重构的特征,并通过扎根理论方法构建了旅游驱动下乡村社会重构机制理论模型。结果表明：（1）乡村旅游发展改变了乡村居民的原有身份,乡村居民从农民、打工者转变为旅游经营者,实现了社会身份的重构。（2）乡村旅游发展带来了大量外来人员进入乡村,乡村社会关系格局逐渐从“差序格局”转变为“多元格局”,实现了社会关系的重构。（3）乡村旅游发展使乡村居民与乡村环境之间的关系发生改变,乡村从传统乡土社区转变为旅游服务社区,实现了社会空间的重构。（4）旅游要素的介入是旅游乡村社会重构最重要的驱动力量,乡村经济重构、乡村空间重构、资源环境驱动、旅游市场驱动、政策制度驱动、行为主体参与6个方面分别构成了乡村社会重构的空间载体、物质基础、支撑机制、引导机制、促进/约束机制和引擎机制,各作用机制之间相互影响、动态耦合共同推动了乡村社会的重构。

Research on the characteristics and mechanism of rural social restructuring driven by tourism: A Case study of Guzhu Village in Huzhou

Rural tourism is an important driving force to promote rural restructuring. As the ultimate goal of rural restructuring, rural social restructuring is an important content of rural restructuring research. This study took Guzhu Village, a typical tourist village in Huzhou City, as a case site, and analyzed the characteristics of rural social restructuring from the perspective of rural residents. This study also constructed a theoretical model of rural social restructuring mechanism driven by tourism using grounded theoretical methods. The results show that: (1) The development of rural tourism has changed the original identity of rural residents. Rural residents have changed their identities from farmers and migrant workers to tourism operators, so that their social identities have been changed. (2) The development of rural tourism has brought a large number of migrants into the countryside. The pattern of rural social relations has gradually changed from a "differential pattern" to a "multiple pattern", so that the social relations have been reconstructed. (3) The development of rural tourism has changed the relationship between rural residents and rural environment, and the village has been transformed from a traditional rural community to a tourist service community, so that social space has been reconstructed. (4) The intervention of tourism elements is the most important driving force for restructuring the tourism rural society. The six aspects including rural economic restructuring, rural spatial restructuring, resource environment drive, tourism market drive, policy system drive, and the participation of actors constitute the rural area spatial carrier, material basis, support mechanism, guidance mechanism, promotion/restraint mechanism, and engine mechanism of social restructuring, respectively. The mutual influence and dynamic coupling of each mechanism jointly promote the restructuring of rural society.