中国“三农”创新创业政策的历史演进：基于中央一号文件的语料库研究

创新创业成为中国解决"三农"问题的重要途径,而"三农"创新创业与国家相关政策的引导和支持密不可分。学者们对"三农"创新创业关注颇多,但尚未对相关政策进行系统的历时梳理,难以从整体上把握"三农"创新创业政策的发展脉络。文章基于话语历史分析框架、运用语料库研究方法对历年中央一号文件进行话语分析,以此透视中国"三农"创新创业政策的历史演进。研究发现,随着历史阶段的逐步推进：（1）中央一号文件始终围绕"农村"和"农业"的主题,对"创新"、"创业"及其部分同义词的提及率逐步甚至迅速上升,这在话语上佐证了政府日趋重视"三农"创新创业;（2）中央一号文件中"农民"的关键性有所降低,对其他创新创业主体和形式的提及率逐步上升,表明"三农"创新创业的主体趋于多元化、内容逐渐丰富;（3）中央一号文件政策话语中的政策态度从"加快"、"实行"逐步过渡到"稳定"与"完善",说明"三农"创新创业政策体系已逐步形成。研究揭示了社会历史演进情境下"三农"创新创业政策的发展规律,深化了人们对核心"三农"政策及相关创新创业活动的历时性认识,而本研究对话语历史分析及语料库分析方法的引入也为政策话语分析提供了新的研究思路。

The Historical Evolution of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Policy of “Agriculture,Rural Areas and Farmers” in China: Based on the Corpus of the No.1 Central Documents

Innovation and entrepreneurship have been playing important roles in solving agricultural, rural and farmers’ issues in China, which can be ascribed to the guidance and support of relevant national policies. Although scholars have paid attention to the innovation and entrepreneurship of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, no one has ever conducted a systematic and diachronical analysis of relevant policies, which is vital for us to better understand and carry out the current policies. Based on the theoretical framework of Discourse-Historical Approach, this study uses corpus methods to conduct a diachronic discursive analysis of the No. 1 Central Documents, in order to reveal the evolution of China’s innovation and entrepreneurship policy of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. It is found that with the gradual advancement of the historical stages: (1) the No.1 Central Documents consistently center on the themes of "rural areas"and "agriculture", and the frequency of the words "innovation", "entrepreneurship" and some of their synonyms gradually or rapidly increases, indicating that the government is attaching more and more importance to the innovation and entrepreneurship of the agriculture, rural areas and farmers; (2) the keyword ranking of "farmer" is decreasing and the frequency of other words related to the subjects and content of innovation and entrepreneurship is increasing, which means the subjects and content of innovation and entrepreneurship are gradually diversified. In addition, the policy attitudes have experienced a transformation from "accelerating" and "implementing" to "stabilizing" and "improving", signaling that the political system of innovation and entrepreneurship of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has been gradually established.These results not only reveal the law of innovation and entrepreneurship development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers under the influence of relevant policies, but also deepen our understanding of key policies concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers diachronically. This study also provides new insights for political discourse analysis by employing Discourse-Historical Approach and corpus methods.