适应性管理视角的国外国家公园野生动物保护与游憩利用案例研究

野生动物旅游是国家公园践行公共性和福祉性功能的重要体现,对野生动物保护管理要允许野生动物资源的可持续利用,自然保护与可持续发展并重。适应性管理是国家公园管理的重要方法,可以缓解野生动物保护与游憩利用的矛盾。本研究引入国外适应性管理理论,从管理模式、利益相关者、监测评估、功能分区等方面对非洲克鲁格国家公园、美洲班夫国家公园和澳洲卡卡杜国家公园3个案例地深入分析,得出国家公园野生动物适应性管理的主要经验：（1）建立连接社会的可持续国家公园系统;（2）构建利益相关者协调机制,促进参与和共同管理;（3）建立动态监测评估体系,加强野生动物研究;（4）科学评估生态状况,实行公园动态分区管理。研究结果可为中国国家公园野生动物保护和游憩利用提供参考。

Case study of wildlife conservation and recreation use in foreign national parks from the perspective of adaptive management

Wildlife tourism is an important manifestation of the public and welfare functions of national parks. The protection and management of wild animals should allow the sustainable use of wild animal resources, and both nature protection and sustainable development should be emphasized. Adaptive management is an important method of national park management, which can alleviate the contradiction between wildlife protection and recreational use. This study introduces foreign adaptive management theories and conducts in-depth analysis on three cases of Kruger National Park in Africa, Banff National Park in America, and Kakadu National Park in Australia in terms of management model, stakeholders, monitoring and evaluation, and functional zoning. Through analysis, the main experiences of adaptive management of wild animals in national parks are drawn: (1) establishing a sustainable national park system that connects the society; (2) building a coordination mechanism for stakeholders to promote participation and joint management; (3) establishing dynamic monitoring evaluation system and strengthening wildlife research; (4) evaluating ecological conditions scientifically and implementing dynamic zoning management of national parks. It is expected to provide a reference for the protection and recreational use of wild animals in the Chinese national parks.