自由贸易试验区建设与地区产业结构转型升级——基于中国286个城市面板数据的实证分析

自由贸易试验区建设是我国进一步深化改革和扩大开放的重要举措,是地区产业结构转型升级的"政策红利"和"制度红利"。文章基于2004-2018年中国286个城市数据,探讨了自由贸易试验区的设立对地区产业结构转型升级的影响、异质性差异以及作用机制。研究结果表明：自由贸易试验区建设有效促进了地区产业结构转型升级。从分区域的结果来看,自由贸易试验区建设对东部城市产业结构转型升级的促进效应明显高于中部地区,对西部地区产业结构转型升级的效果不明显。文章进一步从资源配置和制度供给两个维度检验了自由贸易试验区建设的外部调节和内在作用机理,研究发现：自由贸易试验区建设有效调节了资本要素的作用路径,增强了资本要素对产业转型升级的促进作用,尚未实现对劳动力要素的有效正向调节。同时,自由贸易试验区建设主要通过制度供给效应促进地区产业结构转型升级,而东部地区制度供给效应显著高于中部地区。

Construction of Pilot Free Trade Zone and Regional Industrial Structure Transformation and Upgrading: Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of 286 Cities in China

The construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone is an important measure to further deepen the reform and expand the opening-up in China, and is the "policy dividend" and "institutional dividend" of the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial structure. Based on the data of 286 cities in China from 2004 to 2018, this paper discusses the impact of the establishment of the Pilot Free Trade Zone on the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial structure, the heterogeneity differences and the mechanism of action. The results show that: the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone effectively promotes the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial structure. From the results of the sub region, the promotion effect of the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone on the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure of the eastern cities is significantly higher than that of the central region, and the effect of the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone on the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure in the western region is not obvious. This paper further tests the external regulation and internal mechanism of the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone from the two dimensions of resource allocation and institutional supply. The study finds that: the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone effectively regulates the action path of capital elements, and enhances the role of capital factors in promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, but it has not yet realized the effective positive regulation of labor factors. At the same time, the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone mainly promotes the transformation and upgrading of regional industrial structure through the institutional supply effect, while the institutional supply effect in the eastern region is significantly higher than that in the central region.