海洋旅游发展的蓝色经济转向研究

“一带一路”倡议极大推进了中国海洋旅游业的发展,特别是“泉州：宋元中国世界海洋贸易中心”成为中国第56个世界遗产地后,在国内外掀起了海洋旅游研究的热潮。然而,学术界关于海洋旅游的研究相对零散,对于海洋旅游可持续发展缺乏系统性的梳理和检视。基于此,本研究以海洋旅游的蓝色转向为研究视角,采用文献梳理和案例分析方法,研究海洋旅游蓝色转向的趋势与挑战。研究发现：（1）相对于绿色经济,海洋旅游发展走向蓝色经济是可持续旅游发展的必然过程。（2）海洋旅游转向蓝色经济的方式包括活动与节庆旅游、生态旅游、邮轮旅游等业态,转向驱动与各个国家资源禀赋和社会经济发展水平息息相关。（3）海洋旅游蓝色经济转向将面临着COVID-19、福岛核事故、全球气候变化、海洋塑料等挑战,需要从区域至全球尺度,通过技术投入、创新模式和区域合作等路径,建立起更为广泛的蓝色经济转向的共识。在理论上,进一步完善了海洋旅游蓝色经济转向的理论框架,在实践方面为中国及其他国家和地区海洋旅游可持续发展提供经验借鉴,具有重要研究价值。

Process and challenges of marine tourism towards blue economy

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) promotes a great growth of marine tourism in China. Especially when "Quanzhou - World Ocean Trade Center during Song-Yuan Dynasty of Ancient China" was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List, numerous studies have focused on marine tourism. Since blue economy is a new concept of ocean economy, the purpose of this paper is to assess future trends and challenges of marine tourism in the context of blue economy. Literature review and case study were conducted in this study. We found that (1) marine tourism based on blue economy is essential for sustainable tourism development. (2) To achieve the transformation from marine tourism to blue economy and economic growth, event and festival tourism, as well as ecotourism and cruise tourism are good approaches. However, the adoption of approaches depends on the specific natural and human environment in different locations. (3) COVID-19, Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, global warming, and ocean plastics are main challenges for the blue economy development of marine tourism. Thus, a comprehensive consensus on blue economy at regional and global scales among nations is crucial for overcoming difficulties. This study improves the theoretical framework of marine tourism in the context of blue economy. It also provides valuable practical insights for marine tourism development in the context of blue economy in China and other regions in the world.