山西省传统村落旅游响应空间分异及其影响因素研究

旅游是传统村落遗产保护与乡村振兴的有效方式。本文以山西省为研究对象,构建传统村落旅游响应评价体系,运用熵权TOPSIS法、ArcGIS和地理探测器等方法,探析不同空间尺度的传统村落旅游响应空间特征及其影响因素。研究发现：（1）山西省传统村落旅游响应度总体呈现东部高于西部,中部、东南部高于北部的空间特征。（2）县域尺度上,旅游响应度差异明显,中等响应度县域约占80%;地市尺度上,呈现了传统村落数量较多的晋城市、晋中市与传统村落数量最少的太原市旅游响应度较高的非均衡特征;区域尺度上,太行、长城、黄河3个旅游板块的旅游响应度表现为依次递减的空间分异特征,而汾河流域旅游响应度则呈现出中游>下游>上游的空间分异规律。（3）不同尺度传统村落旅游响应度的主导影响因子具有差异性,传统村落集中度、旅游发展水平和区域景区优势度对县域尺度的影响明显;旅游发展水平与接待规模对地市尺度的指示性较传统村落集中度显著;从区域响应度影响来看,除传统村落集中度外,传统村落历史价值和区域乡村旅游组合对3个板块响应度的支持力明显,区域旅游发展环境对流域旅游响应的作用显著。（4）综合不同尺度影响因子发现,传统村落旅游响应度对传统村落资源禀赋、区域资源组合和旅游发展环境较为敏感,区域经济发展环境影响较弱;传统村落集中度对旅游响应度的影响具有普遍意义。研究结果可为传统村落集中连片区和乡村旅游重点区域旅游开发空间布局提供参考。

Spatial differentiation and influencing factors of tourism responses of traditional villages in Shanxi Province

Tourism is an effective way to protect the heritage of traditional villages and rejuvenate the countryside. However, due to the different endowments and environment of traditional village heritage, not all traditional villages have the conditions to develop tourism, the tourism response of traditional villages in different regions is different. This study took the 550 Chinese traditional villages in Shanxi Province as the research objects, the entropy TOPSIS method was used to calculate the tourism response score of traditional villages and ArcGIS with geographic detectors was also used. This study analyzed the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the tourism response of traditional villages in Shanxi Province. The results show that: (1) The overall performance of the spatial distribution characteristics of the tourism response of traditional villages in Shanxi Province is as follows: The east is higher than the west, and the middle and southeast are higher than the north. (2) At the county level, there are obvious differences in tourism response, and the counties with medium tourism response account for about 80%; At the city level, Jincheng City and Jinzhong City, which have the largest number of traditional villages, and Taiyuan City, which has the least number of traditional villages, uneven tourism response between cities. At the regional level, the tourism responsiveness of the Taihang, Great Wall, and Yellow River plates shows successively descending spatial differentiation characteristics.. In Fenhe River Basin, traditional villages' tourism response of middle reaches is greater than that of downstream, and the one of downstream is greater than that of upper reaches. (3) The dominant influencing factors of the tourism response of traditional villages with different scales in Shanxi Province are different. The concentration of traditional villages, the level of tourism development, and the superiority of regional scenic spots have significant impacts on county responsiveness. For cities, tourism development level and reception capacity are more indicative than traditional village concentration degree. From the perspective of the influence of regional tourism response, in addition to the concentration of traditional villages, the historical value of traditional villages and the combination of regional rural tourism have a significant impact on the tourism response of the three plates. Regional tourism development environment has a significant effect on the response of river basin tourism. (4) Synthesize the impact factors at different levels to shows that the tourism response of traditional villages is generally sensitive to the resource endowment of traditional villages, regional resource combination, and regional tourism development environment, the regional economic development environment has less impact. The influence of concentration of traditional villages on tourism responsiveness has universal significance. The research results can provide insights for tourism activation and utilization of traditional villages and focal rural tourism areas and the optimization of spatial layout.