新型城镇化背景下的流动人口研究：范畴变迁、实践审视与演进方向

第七次全国人口普查的结果显示,我国人口流动趋势更加明显,超大城市集结人力资本的虹吸效应日渐增强,高素质、高学历、高技能人才逐渐成为城市流动人口的主体部分。文章梳理了流动人口研究的概念范畴变化,主要是从笼统的农民工概念到次级群体,再到城市新移民研究,这一动态演变过程反映国内流动人口精细化研究的内在需要。城市新移民的研究视角进一步丰富了流动人口研究,有助于破除先前研究的思维定势,还原流动人口的多样性特点,体现流动人口的时代性特征。文章提出,随着以人为核心的新型城镇化战略的提出,国内流动人口研究应转向城乡互融性思维、关注人口结构性融合以及强化微观整合性等视角,更加重视超大城市复杂化人口结构中的城市治理难题、青年群体在城市经济社会发展中的作用及困境、域外经验对国内应对流动人口策略的借鉴作用,进而为新时代具有中国特色的新型城镇化发展提供理论和实践借鉴。

The Study of Domestic Immigrant Population in the Context of New-type Urbanization: Subject Change,Practice Review and Evolution Direction

The results of the seventh national population census show a significant trend in population movement. The siphon effect of large cities in absorbing surrounding human resources is increasing, talents with high quality, high degree, and high skill will become the majority of the urban immigrant population in coming years. These new urban immigrants play an important role in promoting economic development and social change. In the literature, these have been extensively investigated in an attempt to discuss "migrant workers" from diverse perspectives of different disciplines, while an important constraint on all the work discussed in this area is that few writers have been able to draw on systematic research into the new changes and new developments of immigrant populations in China. In order to fill this gap in literature of immigrant population, this paper attempts to conduct a reasonable review of literature on immigrant populations before providing suggestions and directions for future research in Chinese domestic immigrant populations. The study analyzes the conceptual changes in the existing literature on urban immigrant population, finding that academic focuses shift mainly from rural migrant workers to the subordinated groups and then to the urban new immigrants. This dynamic evolution process reflects an inner need for incremental refinement in the study of urban immigrant population. Compared with the perspective of migrant worker, the perspective of urban new immigrant further enriches the study of immigrant population:first, it expands the scope of research subjects since the concept "urban new immigrant" can cover a wider population; second, it highlights the economic and social value of population research and it helps to reevaluate diverse human resources and their general features in urban areas; third, it facilitates a return to the noumenon values of subjects, especially the young immigrants who are more proficient than migrant workers in expressing demands. Thus, the perspective of urban new immigrant can break the mindset of previous research, uncover the diversity of the immigrant population, and reveal the contemporary features of immigrant population in China. This paper proposes that the study of domestic immigrant population should shift to the perspective of urban-rural integration along with the rise of the people-centered approach to urbanization, focus on the structural integration of diverse people, and strengthen the insights of micro integration. Meanwhile, scholars should put more attention on the governance problems of the megacities with complicated population structure, the role of the youth in urban economic or social development and related dilemmas they may face, the referential function of oversea experiences in coping with domestic large immigrant population, and then provide theoretical and practical reference for the development of the new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics in the new era.