The elasticity of derived demand, factor substitution, and product demand: Corrections to Hicks' formula and Marshall's Four Rules |
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Authors: | Robert S Chirinko Debdulal Mallick |
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Institution: | aUniversity of Illinois at Chicago, USA;bCESifo, Germany;cFederal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, USA;dDeakin University, Australia |
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Abstract: | The concept of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor, introduced by John Hicks and Joan Robinson over 75 years ago, has had important implications in labor economics and several areas of economic inquiry. In his The Theory of Wages (1932/1963), Hicks developed a formula that has proven very useful in relating the substitution elasticity to the derived demand for productive factors, the distribution of factor incomes, and Marshall's Four Rules. This short paper shows that the original and subsequent derivations of Hicks' celebrated formula contained a slip (that factor shares are independent of the substitution elasticity and therefore constant), presents a new derivation and a corrected formula, and demonstrates that, with the corrected formula, Marshall's First Rule based on the substitution elasticity is no longer generally valid. |
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Keywords: | JEL classification: J23 D01 D21 |
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