中国向低碳经济转型的制约因素及发展模式

工业化、城市化大量消耗化石能源而引发的全球气候变暖已威胁到全球的生态平衡,触及到能源安全、生态安全、水资源安全和粮食安全,甚至威胁到人类的生存。以低能耗、低污染、低排放为基础的低碳经济是应对全球气候变暖,实现可持续发展的具体路径和必由之路。我国在向低碳经济转型过程中,能源结构、产业结构以及能源消耗方面都面临着诸多不利因素,在全球产业分工体系中也处于低端位置。我国应建立一种政府、市场、微观经济主体(企业、居民)三方共同参与、相互作用、相互影响的发展模式,加快制定国家战略和法制保障体系,优化能源结构,发展替代能源,建立碳交易市场。

The Restraining Factors and Economic Model of China’s Transformation to Low Carbon Economy

Global warming,which is caused by over consumption of fossil energy during industrialization and urbanization,threatens global ecological balance,tampers social and economic development,imperils energy security,ecological safety,as well as water and food safety,and even endangers the entire human race.Low carbon economy based on low energy consumption,low pollution and low-emission is a concrete and only path of for us to avoid global warming and achieve the sustainable development.In transforming to low carbon economy,we are facing so many adverse factors in terms of energy structure,industrial structure and energy consumption;and we are now in the low end position in the global industrial labor division system.We should establish a new pattern of development with the participation and interaction of government,market and such micro economic players as enterprises and residents,accelerate the formulation of national strategy and legislation guarantee system,optimize energy structure,develop the alternative energy and set up the carbon exchange market.