Option prices as predictors of stock prices: intraday adjustments to information releases

The purpose of this study is to analyse the evolution of payment behaviours by emphasizing the role of the regulation and the financial opening. We test whether the convergence process of payment technologies and regulations is propagated from upstream to downstream through the channel of standardized products, leading to the convergence of the demand for payment services. A test of conditional beta-convergence, relating to the use of five payment instruments, is performed on a panel of European countries. In general, results show evidence for convergence for all means of payment.