公共景区门票价格上涨的福利经济学分析——基于正外部性的视角

旅游日益成为寻常百姓生活的重要内容,而且也是经济发展的重要推动力。然而,最近10多年景区不断上涨的门票价格严重阻碍我国旅游经济的健康发展。公共景区门票涨价,虽然会给公园及地方政府带来一定效益,但其综合影响仍是整个社会经济福利的净损失。原因是门票涨价没有考虑公共景区及旅游的正外部性。从经济福利最大化的目的出发,我国公共景区管理的改革方向应该是大幅降低门票价格或完全取消门票、集中管理全国A级景区以及中央政府全额拨款用于公共景区的维护管理。这样,我国旅游业才能从门票经济向旅游经济转变。

Welfare Economics Analysis of the Public Park Ticket Prices Rise: from the Perspective of Positive Externality

Tourism has been an indispensable part of life,and is a key force to boost economic development.The fares of public parks,however,inflate constantly since the beginning of 21 century and does harms to the healthy development of China’s tourism industry.Although the increasing ticket prices may bring profit to parks and local governments,overall the economic wellbeing would deteriorate.With the aim of maximizing economic welfares,the reform of the administration of China’s public parks should take the direction of cutting down the fares or employing zero fares;centralized management of Class A parks by the central government;and compensating the expenditure by the central government from its annual budget.Therefore China’s tourism industry could transform from fare economy to tourism economy.