江苏省河蟹养殖综合气候区划方法研究

目的 为有效地利用江苏生态气候资源，提高河蟹养殖的经济效益和社会效益。方法 文章利用1981—2015年江苏省及周边共85个气象站的数据，系统地分析河蟹养殖期气象条件，分别筛选出夏季高温、日照、降水及连阴雨作为关键气象因子，采用熵权法获取各气象因子的权重系数，构建基于气象要素、地形和土壤属性的综合评估指数，并利用该指数将江苏河蟹养殖综合气候地理条件划分为适宜、较适宜及不适宜3个等级。结果 结果表明：适宜养殖区主要位于江苏中部，包括里下河、沿江及淮北部分地区，占全省地域面积36.75%；较适宜养殖区位于适宜区的外围，包括苏南、淮北大部及沿海地区，范围较广，占全省地域面积50.21%；不适宜养殖区约占全省13%，主要为零星分散于宁镇丘陵、淮北局部的低山岗地以及沿海滩涂。结论 江苏80%以上的地区可以开展河蟹养殖生产，而且现有的品牌河蟹养殖产业几乎都处于气候适宜区，这说明该分区结果符合实际、科学合理，具有参考意义。

STUDY ON METHODS OF COMPREHENSIVE CLIMATIC REGIONALIZATION OF THE CRAB IN JIANGSU PROVINCE

This paper aims to increase the availability of ecoclimatic resources and develops scientific culturing of crab in order to promote the social and economic benefits of the breeding of crab. After utilizing the data from 85 weather stations in Jiangsu province,Shandong province,Anhui province and Zhejiang province from 1981 to 2015,the meteorological conditions and the data related to disaster were analyzed systematically during the breeding period of the crab.The high temperature in summer, precipitation of the breeding period, sunshine in summer,the continuous rain in spring and autumn are selected as key meteorological factors and we can obtain the weight coefficients of each meteorological factor by entropy method. We constructed a comprehensive assessment index of climatic geography that based on meteorology, terrain and soil properties. The index was used to subdivide the area of crab farming into three grades according to climatic geography conditions in Jiangsu province: suitable areas, sub-suitable areas and unsuitable regions. The results showed that suitable breeding areas were mainly located in central Jiangsu province, including Lixiahe, the places that along Yangtze river and a part of Huaibei region, accounting for 36.75% of the whole province, the meteorological conditions in this area were suitable, the temperature rose rapidly in spring, the precipitation in summer and rain days in spring and autumn were moderate. Sub-suitable areas were located around the periphery of the suitable regions, including southern Jiangsu, parts of Huaibei and the Jiangsu coastal. The sub-suitable region covered a wide range and occupies 50.21% of the whole province, the high temperature days were the most in summer, even the rain days were frequent in spring and autumn, and the low temperature was seen occasionally in spring in the northern region. These were not conducive to the growth and development of the crab. The remaining 13% of Jiangsu province was unsuitable for crab breeding, such as low hills of Ning-Zhen and Huaibei district, as well as the coastal beaches, because the terrain was too high to carry out aquaculture, and the water, which contain high salt, hinded the growth of crab evidently, Therefore, we should pay attention to the management of water quality and salinity in coastal areas.Finally,it shows that more than 80% of Jiangsu province can be developed to feed crab and promote related industries, and the existing well-known crab farming industry of Jiangsu is in the climatic suitable areas.It is more reasonable and satisfying that the distribution of crab farming plays a reference role.It is also feasible to apply entropy method to the comprehensive evaluation of agro-climatic resources.