我国农业科技园区运营效率的区域差异与影响因素分析基于139家国家农业科技园区的创新能力监测数据

目的 国家农业科技园区作为创新驱动发展战略的重要载体和推动乡村振兴发展的主阵地，提升园区运营效率具有重要的意义。文章在测算园区运营效率的基础上，对运营效率的区域差异进行分析，找出影响园区运营效率的因素，为提升园区运营效率做出参考。方法 以139家国家农业科技园区作为研究对象，基于超效率SBM模型测算了园区的运营效率，利用修正二阶段泰尔系数对园区运营效率的区域差异进行分析。在此基础上，采用综合灰色关联度模型分析了园区运营效率的影响因素。结果 园区运营效率的区域差异在逐步变大，而造成这种差异拉大的原因是省域内园区之间的差异，因此造成园区运营绩效差异主要因素并非是区位因素，而是园区自身的建设与发展。结论 对于运营绩效不佳的国家农业科技园区，需要重视园区管理委员会的组织完善、做好科技特派员制度的落实、推动园区科技孵化器与加速器的建设。同时，注重农村电商平台的搭建以及农业科技龙头企业的培育，并促进示范基地与研发机构与实际需求的精准对接，加大农业品牌化运作的力度。

ANALYSIS ON REGIONAL DIFFERENCES AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS IN CHINABASED ON MONITORING DATA OF 139 NATIONAL AGRICULRURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PARKS

As an important carrier of the innovation-driven development strategy and the main front for promoting the rural revitalization and development, the national agricultural science and technology park is of great significance to improve the operational efficiency of the park. On the basis of calculating the operational efficiency, the factors affecting the operational efficiency are found out to provide reference for improving the operational efficiency of the park. This paper took 139 national agricultural science and technology parks as research objects, calculated the operational efficiency of the park by using the super-efficient SBM model ,and analyzed the regional difference of the operational efficiency of the park by using the modified two-stage Theil coefficient. Based on that, it analyzed the influencing factors of the operational efficiency of the park by using the comprehensive grey correlation model. The results showed that the parks'' regional differences in operational efficiency were gradually increasing, and the reason for the widening of the differences were the differences between the parks in the province. Therefore, the main factor that caused the difference in the operational performance of the park was not the location factors, but the construction and development of the park itself. To summary, for national agricultural science and technology parks with poor operational performance, it is necessary to pay attention to the organization and improvement of the park management committee, implement the system of science and technology commissioners, promote the construction of technology incubators and accelerators in the park, accelerate the construction and development of rural e-commerce platforms, and focus on the cultivation of leading enterprises in agricultural science and technology. At the same time, the demonstration base and R&D institutions should be focused on the actual demand and increase the branding operation of agriculture.