Gender differences in child care and work: An interdisciplinary perspective |
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| Institution: | 1. Departments of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53715, USA;2. Founder #WoSurgMeToo, Founding Member TIME’s UP Healthcare, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA;3. Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA;4. Gynecologic Specialty Surgeons, Anne Arundel Medical Center, Annapolis, MD, 21401, USA;1. Oregon Social Learning Center, 10 Shelton McMurphey Blvd., Eugene, OR 97401, United States;2. Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Italy;1. Institute of Psychiatry at King''s College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, London, SE5 8AZ, United Kingdom;2. The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, School of Psychological Sciences, Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom;3. The University of Manchester and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health, Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom;4. Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22280-080, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;1. Department of Economics and Related Studies, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;2. Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;3. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK |
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| Abstract: | During the past several decades, women have increased their labor-force participation while remaining primarily responsible for the care of children. Men have not correspondingly increased their home activity, and women's earnings have not reached parity with men's. A primary reason that women have failed to gain equality in the labor market may be the remaining inequalities in provision of child rearing. We consider the constraints on child rearing faced by men and review literature on animal behavior to elucidate the conditions that facilitate parental investment by males. Some factors appear to have congruent effects, in general, on paternal behavior in many species: the benefit to young of male help, the male capacity for providing help, and paternity certainty. We discuss the role of these factors in slowing the achievement of gender equality and the potential efficacy of social policy in changing existing behavior patterns. |
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