基础设施领域竞争机制引入方式研究

在政府进行较强程度规制甚至直接进行垄断经营的体制下，基础设施领域的低效运营状况几乎不可避免。基础设施领域各产业独特的技术经济特性决定了竞争机制引入方式的多样性；应针对不同类型的基础设施，采取增加生产者数量、利用潜在进入者和替代产品的威胁、增强买方和供方的侃价能力等多种方式引入竞争机制。政府应采取打破政府在基础设施领域的垄断、以合同约束取代行政管理、建立统一高效的监管体系、完善公共收费和支出体系、重新界定现有行业主管部门的职能等措施，为各种竞争机制的顺利引入创造条件。

A Study of the Introducing Manners of Competitive Mechanism in the Field of Infrastructure

Based on the analytical framework of Michael E.Porter's industry competitive model,this paper studies the competitive state of infrastructure industry,the possible introducing manners of competitive mechanism,and the countermeasures that the government should take.The main conclusions are:(1) under the strong regulation of the government(sometimes the government running the enterprises solely),the low efficiency is almost inevitable;(2) competitive mechanism can be introduced into infrastructure industry in direct or indirect manners,such as increasing the quantity of producers,utilizing the threatening of the potential competitors and the substitute products,and strengthening the bargaining power of the purchasers and suppliers;(3)the government should take measures to break the monopoly in the field of infrastructure,replace administrative management with contract obligation,set up unified and effective supervision system,perfect public charging and expending system,redefine the function of the present managing department and promote the introduction of competitive mechanism.