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Exploring the ethical behavior of managers: A comparative study of four countries
Authors:David J Fritzsche  Dr Y Paul Huo  Sakae Sugai  Stephen Dun-Hou Tsai  Cheong Seok Kim  Helmut Becker
Institution:(1) Florida International University, USA;(2) The Hong Kong University Of Science & Technology, China;(3) Tokyo International University, Japan;(4) National Sun Yat-Sen University, Japan;(5) Kangweon National University, Korea;(6) University Of Portland, USA;(7) Department of Management and Systems, Washington State University, 99164 Pullman, WA, USA
Abstract:Donaldson and Dunfee's (1994) social contracts theory of economic ethics was subjected to empirical scrutiny to determine whether it can explain differences in behavior between cultures. Data collected utilizing a series of vignettes developed by Fritzsche and Becker (1984) were examined for differences in indicated ethical behavior among American, Japanese, Korean and Taiwanese managers. Rationale for the behavior was classified according to hyper and community norms which were supported or violated. The results suggest that the three East Asian countries do not neatly cluster together in relation to the U.S. in terms of their patterns of ethical behavior. Nonetheless, when we examined the specific rationale for the decisions provided by the managers, the effects of Asian cultural characteristics became more notable. We also found that the social contracts theory provided a much needed bridge between ethical universalists and relativists. The specific reasons underlying their decisions are discussed in the light of cultural and social differences.This research project was partially supported by a research grant from the School of Business and Management, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.
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