论包容性村庄规划理念：融合管控与自治的治理

研究目的：通过对中国乡村空间治理和村庄规划的历史演进与现实困境的梳理总结，提出基于多中心治理理论的包容性村庄规划综合框架，讨论如何融合顶层设计的管控和自主治理的自治以增强治理的包容性。研究方法：文献研究法、理论分析法。研究结果：乡村空间治理被赋予的多政策目标致使村庄规划缺乏包容性，出现规划失效。融合管控与自治，采取互动、沟通、平等、互嵌的民主决策过程形成共同意识和统一行动，能增强村庄规划的包容性。包容性村庄规划具有多中心的网络化治理结构，能形成共同意识和共同行动，在竞争与合作的价值融合过程中实现资源整合和重组，实现有效规划。研究结论：通过关注边缘群体，包容性反映了政府治理和决策的开放程度。政策管控将通过制度创新、培养能力、促进信任、划定边界等措施增强村庄规划的包容性。信任、平等地位和合法性共同构成了村庄自治的基础，并通过一系列有效且具备成本效益的行动提升包容性。关于管控和自治孰优孰劣的辨析并不重要，关键在于如何实现两者的有机平衡。

Inclusive Village Planning: Integrating Control and Governance

The purpose of this paper is to construct a comprehensive framework for inclusive village planning based on polycentric governance by sorting out and summarizing the historical evolution and practical dilemmas of spatial governance and village planning in China. Then, how to integrate the control of top-level design and the autonomy of autonomous governance to enhance inclusiveness is discussed. The research methods of literature review and theoretical analysis were used. The results show that multi-objective coercion of rural governance leads to the lack of inclusiveness of village planning and planning failure. Through the development of a reasonable institutional basis and standardized procedures, the integration of control and autonomy, adoption of an interactive, communicative, equal, embedded democratic decision-making process to form a common sense and unified action can enhance the inclusiveness of village planning. Inclusive village planning has a multi center network governance structure, which can form common awareness and common action, realize resource integration and reorganization in the process of value integration of competition and cooperation. In conclusion, inclusiveness reflects the degree of openness in government governance and decision-making by focusing on marginalized populations. Policy control enhances the inclusiveness of village planning through institutional innovation, cultivating capacity, promoting trust and setting boundaries. Trust, equality, and legitimacy together form the basis for village self-governance, and enhance inclusiveness through a range of effective and cost-efficient initiatives. It is not important to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of control and self-governance but rather how to achieve an organic balance between the two.