制造范式转型、集成经济与“国际代工模式”升级

近年来企业之间越来越多的相互协作和价值链的分解与组合在动机上是相同的：都是为了尽可能地对市场“切片”来获得集成经济。集成经济具有双重来源：在生产规模和技术水平不变的情况下,企业拆分同一个价值环节,或者通过合资或独资重新布局分支机构,通过更充分地利用不同边际生产力的要素而获得收益;或者寻求更多的可交易对象,通过全球外包、OEM等非股权投资方式,获得由“市场密度”的增加产生的好处。本文构造了关于集成经济的分析框架,解释了在经济全球化条件下“外包”、“生产模块化”、“微缩化”、“企业间网络”等新的生产组织方式被广泛接受的原因,解释了出现企业组织扁平化现象的原因,以及这种背景下国际产业转移的微观机理,提出了通过“培育稀缺生产要素”和“深化全球价值链嵌入”等推动“国际代工增长模式”升级的不同途径。

Transformation of Manufacture Format, Compositive Economy and Upgrading for International Model

In recent years,more and more enterprises came to collaborate with each other,and the enterprises put more emphasis on decomposing and combining profit chain.The motivation of the above actions has no difference.They try their best to slice the market in order to gain compositive economy.Compositive economy came from two resources.On one hand,under the condition of no changes of producing scale and technology level,enterprises split one value chain,or rearrange their branches through joint venture or sole venture so as to gain the income by making full use of different marginal productivity;on the other hand,enterprises seek more trading business to obtain the advantages coming from market density through global outsourcing,OEM and some other none share right.This paper tries to build an analyzing frame about compositive economy, by means of which explain the reason why some new organizing methods of producing such as supply chain,outsourcing,modulation,downsizing,network between enterprises have accepted broadly.The paper also tries to explain the reason why enterprises and the micro mechanism of international industry transfer,puts forward the different ways of "breeding exiguous producing elements"and deepening global value chain to impel"international increase model".