盘锦市土地利用景观格局及其生态环境效应分析

基于2007年的土地利用图形数据,选用斑块分离度、景观多样性指数、优势度指数、均匀度指数、生态环境指数等景观特征指数,从斑块和景观两个尺度定量分析盘锦市的土地利用空间格局,并揭示其对区域生态环境的影响。结果表明:(1)盘锦市的优势景观类型为水田,面积最大,广布于中部和东部地区;其次为沼泽地,分布于西部以及西南沿海地区;城乡用地、水域和旱地的面积亦较大。区域景观格局基本上呈现出人工湿地和自然湿地镶嵌分布的特征。(2)城乡用地景观的斑块数最多,为1 002,水域和水田的斑块数也较多,分别为131和98;滩涂景观斑块分离度最小,为0.06,其次为水田景观,为0.18;未利用土地的斑块分离度最大,为111.51。(3)盘锦市生态环境效应指数为0.42,低于邻近城市营口的0.51,而高于锦州的0.38,在生态环境质量上没有太大的优越性。

Analysis of Landscape Spatial Pattern and Its Eco-Environmental Effect in Panjin

Basing on the graphic data of land use in 2007,choosing the separating degree of patch,diversity index of landscape,dominance index,evenness index,the index of ecological environment,and other landscape metrics we quantify and analyze landscape spatial pattern in Panjin and in term of patch and landscape to reflect the effect of land use spatial pattern on regional eco-environment.The result shows：（1） Paddy field,which widespread in central and eastern region and cover the largest area in Panjin,is the dominant landscape.The next is marsh witch is distributing in the west and the southwest areas.The area of the urban and rural land,water and the dry land is bigger too. The landscape pattern on the region reflects the feature of constructed wetland and natural wetland. （2） Urban and rural land has the maximum number of 1002 on landscape patches.The next is water area and paddy field,with 131 and 98 respectively.Tidal flats landscape has the smallest separating degree of patch of 0.06,the next is paddy field with the value of 0.18,yet unused land has the biggest separating degree of patch of 111.51.（3） Panjin with the eco-environmental effect index of 0.42 is lower than the adjoining city of Yingkou of 0.51 ,but is higher than Jinzhou which has the eco-environmental effect index of 0.38.As a result,there is no much superiority on the eco-environment quality for Panjin.