从经典作家看社会学方法论对政治学发展的影响

虽然政治学和社会学都有着相对独立的研究对象，相互区别的方法体系，但很多社会学者尤以马克斯·韦伯及罗伯特·米歇尔斯为代表突破所谓的学科划分，形成交叉研究，其理论和方法对现代政治学发展产生重要影响。韦伯的“因果多元论”、“价值中立”、“理想类型”等方法论原则对现代政治科学研究方法产生重要影响，直接促成了政治系统分析的产生。米歇尔斯则在对“寡头统治铁律”进行论证的过程中不自觉地开拓了政治研究的方法，自发运用了政治心理分析和政治团体分析方法。这些学者的不懈努力最终促成了政治社会学的诞生。

The Classic Sociologists＇ Methodology＇s Influence on the Development of Politics

Politics and Sociology have separate objects of study and their methodological systems different from each other. However, many sociologists with Max Weber and Robert Michels as the representatives broke through the division of subjects and did much cross-disciplinary research. Their theories and methods produced great influence on the development of modem Politics. Max＇s methodological principles contribute to the political system analysis, e.g. multiplicity of cause-effect, value free and ideal type. Micbels spontaneously used the political psychology analysis approach and the political groups analysis approach in the course of reasoning the oligarchical tendencies of modem democracy. Owing to these scholar＇s great effort, Political Sociology came into being in the end.