强化公共属性，助力城市发展：德国慕尼黑城市公园建设及启示

广泛的国际经验研究可为中国的公园城市建设提供科学、有效的策略支撑,并推动其相关理论的完善。系统梳理了德国慕尼黑在不同历史时期城市公园的发展脉络,总结了其城市公园系统的分级、分类与分布特征,解析了慕尼黑公园建设中表达其公共属性的4项特征,即全员化的运动场地设置、全方位的社会服务供给、丰富多样的文娱活动,以及灵活高效的功能转换。这些宝贵的经验将为我国新时期的城市发展建设提供有益的借鉴与启示。

Strengthen Public Attributions and Power Urban Development: The Inspiration of Urban Park Practices in Munich, Germany

The extensive studies of urban parks in different countries could provide valuable experiences and efficient strategies to support a urban development new paradigm of the Park City in China. The paper systematically analyzed the history of the urban parks and their planning guidelines and strategies in Munich, Germany. Based on these data, the article summarized the level, classification, distribution and its significant features of urban parks. The four public attributions of urban parks in Munich have been highlighted at the article, including: diversiform sport facilities for all age groups, blended social services within parks, multicultural activities, and flexible transformations of the functional spaces in parks. The study aims to bring some enlightenments and references on urban development practice in China.