国家最高科学技术奖获得者的群体状况分析及启示

国家最高科学技术奖获得者是中国高层次科技人才队伍中的杰出代表。采用文献研究法、履历分析法、传记研究法、数理统计法等多种方法，对33位获奖者的年龄状况、地区分布状况、家庭状况、接受高等教育状况、学术研究状况和任职状况等进行统计分析。其群体状况特征可概括为“五高五低”:获奖年龄和院士当选年龄高，来自城市家庭的比例高，学历层次和出国留学比例高，学术成就高，担任行政职务比例高；出生和工作在中西部地区人数比例低，女性比例低，非名校毕业生比例低，在发达国家权威性科学院任职比例低，非共产党员和少数民族比例低。结合定量统计和定性分析结果，就优化中国高层次科技人才队伍布局结构、加强高层次人才自主培养、强化基础研究、弘扬获奖者的科学家精神等提出几点启示和建议。

Analysis on the Conditions of the Winners of the State Science and Technology Awards and Its Inspirations

The winners of the state science and technology awards are outstanding representatives of high-level scientific and technological talents in China. By using the methods of literature research, resume analysis, biographical research and mathematical statistics, the age status, regional distribution, family backgrounds, education background of higher education, the condition of academic researches and post?situation of 33 winners were analyzed.The study results show that the characteristics of the conditions of the winners of the state science and technology awards can be reflected in the aspects of the high age of winners and being elected academicians, the high proportion of coming from urban families, high-level education qualification and high proportion of studying abroad, high academic achievement, the high proportion of holding an administrative post and the low proportion of born and working in the central and western regions, low percentage of women, the low proportion of graduates from non-key universities, the low proportion of serving authoritative academy of sciences in developed countries, the low proportion of non-communists and minorities. Combined with the results of quantitative statistics and qualitative analysis, some inspirations and suggestions are put forward ,including optimizing the distribution structure of high level scientific and technological talents in China, strengthening the independent training of high-level talents, intensifying basic research, and carrying forward the scientist spirit of the winners.