基于Solanum模型的云贵高原大春马铃薯潜在产量研究

目的]计算云贵高原地区大春马铃薯潜在产量及产量差,分析产生巨大产量差的原因及解决措施。方法]文章采用由国际马铃薯中心开发的新型植物生长模拟模型Solanum模型与田间试验相结合的方法,更精确地评估马铃薯潜在产量。结果]云贵高原地区大春马铃薯的产量潜力巨大。云薯401潜在产量为138 t/hm~2,云薯505潜在产量为147 t/hm~2,合作88潜在产量为91.9 t/hm~2,与实际产量之间的产量差(YGM)最大的为云薯505,为117 t/hm~2,与基于FAO农业生态区域法的光温产量潜在模型算法得出的结果相符。与世界范围内已知的马铃薯潜在产量数据相比,云贵高原地区大春马铃薯的潜在产量全球最高。结论]云贵高原地区大春马铃薯的发展潜力巨大,不同品种的潜在产量存在差异。防控晚疫病,延长生育期以充分利用太阳辐射,提高光合辐射有效利用率(RUE)是提高产量,缩小产量差的关键。

STUDY ON THE YUNNAN- GUIZHOU PLATEAU SPRING POTATO YIELD POTENTIAL BASED ON SOLANUM MODEL

This paper assessed the potential yield and yield gap of the spring potato under the ecological conditions of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau spring potato, and analyzed the causes leading to the huge yield gap, using the methods of Solanum Model and field experiment. The Solanum Model was a new model of plant growth simulation, which was designed by International Potato Centre (CIP) in the year of 2012. The results showed that spring potato in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau had very huge yield potential. Under the ecological conditions of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau spring potato, the potential yield of Yunshu variety 505 was the highest, with 147 t/hm2. The potential yield of other varieties such as Yunshu 401 and Cooperate 88 can reach 138 t/hm2, and 91.9 t/hm2. The yield gap of Yunshu 505 between model and field can reach 117 t/hm2. Different varieties showed significant difference in the potential yield and yield gap. The results agreed well with that of FAO potential yield model. Compared with the worldwide known potato potential yield data, the potential yield and yield gap of the spring potato in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were both the highest, because the ecological conditions (such as altitude, temperature, sunshine hour, photosynthetically active radiation) of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau were very suitable for potato growth. It concluded that the spring potato yield in Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau had great potential.Preventing late blight in the fields, extending the growth period, and making full use of solar radiation can improve the Radiation Effective Utilization (RUE) of potatoes, so as to achieve high yield and reduce the yield gap.