人力资本门槛、创新互动能力与低发展陷阱——对1990年以来中国地区经济差距的实证检验

1990年以来,中国各地区经济差距不断扩大现象引起理论界的广泛关注。内生增长理论认为,原因可能在于落后地区的低人力资本禀赋难以同本地创新形成良性互动,导致经济增长速度始终囿于低发展陷阱。中国地区数据的实证结果表明,中等层次人力资本是创新经济增长的主要驱动要素,同一人力资本门槛内部的相近地区经济增长率基本保持均衡。如果外生政策变量不诱导落后地区跨越人力资本门槛,这类地区的低发展均衡状态将很难被突破。因此,在增加物质资本投入的同时突出人力资本建设,对平衡中国各地区经济增长具有很强的政策意义。

Human Capital Threshold,Innovation Complementary Capability and Underdevelopment Traps

Regional economic divergence of China has been enlarging since 1990,which has been paid attention to by researchers.According to endogenous growth theory,the reason is that low human capital of poor regions is not complementary with autochthonic innovation,which leads to underdevelopment traps.Empirical analysis of Chinese regional data indicates that medium human capital is the main driving factors of innovation for economic growth.Economic growth rate of adjacent regions with the same human capital threshold is almost fixed.And the equilibrium can be broken only when exogenous policy variables help poor regions across human capital threshold.So it is very important to increase human capital as well as physical capital of poor regions for balancing regional economic growth of China.