中国水利工程总承包交易模式创新与关键科学问题

我国工程界和理论界常将工程总承包与固定总价合同及其简单的治理结构相关联,制约了工程总承包在政府投资、"现场数据"不确定性较大的水利建设项目上的推广应用。分析了工程总承包的本质内涵,指出工程总承包的最大优势在于将工程设计和施工整合发包给一个承包商,为承包商优化工程提供动力、平台和空间,进而使项目增值;水利建设项目实行工程总承包应创新相应交易模式,以适应水利工程特殊性,发挥水利工程总承包的增值优势。分析了工程总承包在国内外推行应用状况,凝练了我国水利工程总承包模式创新的关键科学问题,主要包括:水利工程总承包项目识别、水利工程总承包范围设计、水利工程总承包项目交易增值分配以及"业主"和合同两个层面的治理体系优化。

Transaction mode innovation and key scientific issues for general contract of water conservancy projects in China

Influenced by the international standard contract conditions such as the FIDIC, the engineering and theoretical circles in China often connect the engineering general contract with the fixed price contract and its simple governance structure, which restricts its application and popularization in construction of water conservancy projects with uncertain site data invested by the government. The content of the engineering general contract is analyzed. It is pointed out that the largest advantage of engineering general contract is its integration of design and construction for a contractor so as to provide power, platform and space for the contractor to optimize the project and further to obtain added value of the project. For implementing the engineering general contract of water conservancy projects, the corresponding transaction mode should be innovated to adapt to their particularity and to give full play of their value-added advantage. The status of worldwide engineering general contract is analyzed, and some key scientific issues for the mode innovation of engineering general contract of water conservancy projects in China are put forward, mainly including project identification, mode design, distribution of added value and optimization of governance system at levels of owner and contract.