中国海水鱼类养殖产业集聚特征——基于资源禀赋的视角

为分析中国海水鱼类养殖业产业集聚受到资源环境的影响程度，本文首先采用资源禀赋系数和综合比较优势模型对我国海水鱼类养殖地区的资源禀赋，比较优势进行分析，在此基础上利用区位熵和产业集中度对海水鱼类养殖产业集聚水平进行测度。研究结果表明：（1）广东、海南和福建具有较强的海水鱼类养殖资源禀赋优势，三地在资源禀赋优势的基础上形成了较强的规模比较优势，从而具有显著的综合比较优势。 （2）天津和江苏的效率比较优势显著，因此也具有发展海水鱼类养殖的综合比较优势。 （3）通过对各主产区集聚水平的测度，可以发现具备综合比较优势的地区都具有显著的产业集聚现象，而具有规模比较优势的地区当地海水养殖的增长主要是依靠面积扩张为主，尽管形成了一定的规模，可以为产业集聚提供基础，但由于养殖品种单一，养殖结构雷同，养殖户容易受自然风险与市场风险的冲击。未来应在集聚区域内部采取措施规避自然灾害，在主产区内部也需要加快形成完善的合作交流机制，增加对资源与环境的保护力度，遏制海水鱼类养殖在集聚区域内盲目扩张。

College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Ocean University

In order to examine the impact of resource endowment on the agglomeration of finfish mariculture, the comparative advantage and geographical agglomeration level of mariculture area areanalyzed using the coefficient of resource endowment, the model of comprehensive comparative advantage, location quotientand concentration ratio. It is revealed that, firstly, Guangdong, Hainan and Fujian provinces have the resources endowment advantage in the finfish mariculture, which is the basis of scale comparative advantage, thus the abovementioned areas have the comprehensive advantage in the finfish mariculture. Secondly, the agglomeration level of these three areasshowsthe positive influence of resource endowment on the agglomeration of finfish mariculture. However, areas with scale comparative advantage in the finfish maricultureare vulnerable to natural and market risks due to the rising pressure on natural resource and the fierce competition within the cluster. Thus, suggestions are put forward as follows: First and foremost, fish farmers located in such cluster should take measures to avoid natural risks. Then, the regional cooperation mechanism should be implemented. Last but not least, stakeholders should protect the resources and environmentto curb the rapid expansion of finfish mariculture within the cluster.