政策工具视角下的新时代乡村治理政策研究——以《关于加强和改进乡村治理的指导意见》为例

加强和改进乡村治理需要科学、合理、适切的政策体系保驾护航。文章通过构建"政策工具—目标评价"二维框架对文本进行分析,研究发现:政策工具维度的基本工具偏好从环境型到供给型再到需求型加速递减,"公共资金投入"和"财政措施"等次级工具偏少;目标评价维度的基本工具偏好分布均衡、结构协调,但次级工具结构需进一步优化和完善。进一步分析表明,乡村治理的目标意涵呈现出清晰图景,政策情绪分布比例协调。未来乡村治理的政策制定应遵循四条原则:推进政策工具分布有机平衡,实现次级结构统筹优化;提升政策工具与治理目标契合度,注重补齐政策短板;完善细节设计,提高可操作性;持续推进政策优化升级。

Research on Rural Governance Policies in the New Era from the Perspective of Policy Tools:Take the"Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Improving Rural Governance"as an Example

Strengthening and improving rural governance needs scientific,reasonable,and appropriate policy system.This paper analyzes the text by constructing a two-dimensional framework of"policy tools-objective evaluation".The results show that the basic tool preference of policy tool dimension decreases from environment-oriented to supply-oriented and then to demand-oriented,and the secondary tools such as"public capital investment"and"fiscal measures"are less;the basic tool preference distribution of objective evaluation dimension is balanced and the structure is coordinated,but the secondary tool structure needs to be further optimized and improved.Further analysis shows that the goal meaning of rural governance presents a clear picture,and the proportion of policy emotion distribution is coordinated.The policy making of rural governance in the future should follow four principles:promoting the organic balance of the distribution of policy tools to achieve the overall optimization of the secondary structure;improving the fit between policy tools and governance objectives,focusing on making up for policy shortcomings;improving the detailed design to improve the operability;continuously promoting the optimization and upgrading of policies.