试论老年精神保障系统的构建

养老保障应是一个全面的完整的老年人支持体系。经济支持、生活照料和精神慰藉是养老的三个基本内容。本文利用国内相关的实证材料和研究以及国外相关的理论和经验对我国老年精神保障的三个争议焦点——现阶段需不需要保、保什么和谁来保进行分析和讨论:(1)需要的满足并不只取决于经济发展水平,还取决于一个社会的文化价值观念和社会发展状况。快速转型所带来的文化和社会结构尤其是家庭结构的变迁削弱了我国传统的老年人精神支持模式。我们应该建立精神保障系统以维护老年人的生存健康和生活质量;(2)老年人是由不同年龄、性别、收入和教育程度等组成的群体,老年人的基本精神需要的界定需建立在社会福利的视角下——适度的、具备一定条件的需要,且与一定的文化和社会结构相适应;(3)结合对福利多元各极在我国老年人精神支持中的作用和现状的分析,我们现阶段应建立一个政府主导的多种社会力量参与的老年精神保障体系。

On the Construction of Old-age Spiritual Security System

The old -age security should complete a comprehensive support system for the elderly. Economic support, life care and spiritual consolation are three basic elements. In this paper, domestic empirical material as well as foreign related theory and experience will be used to analyze and discuss three controversial focuses on old - age spiritual security in China - the necessity, content and bearers of old - age spiritual security at the present stage ： （ 1 ） Need meet not only depends on the level of economic development, and also depends on social cuhural values？ and social development. For the rapid transformation of culture and social structure, especially the great changes in family structure undermine our traditional mode of spiritual support for the elderly ; we should establish a spiritual security system to safeguard the survival health and quality of life of the elderly;（2）The elderly groups of different age, income, education level and etc, the definition of the spiritual needs of the elderly should be in social welfare perspective - moderate and adapt to a certain culture and social structure ; （3） By analyzing the role of different social forces in China old -age spiritual support, an old -age spiritual security system led by government with a variety of social forces should be established at this stage.