确权、交易、资产化：对大数据转为生产要素基础理论问题的再思考

大数据是数字经济的基础性、战略性资源，是后疫情时代经济发展的重要生产要素，但社会各界对大数据的理论认知仍落后于其应用实践，而且大数据确权、交易定价、资产化问题也存在诸多争议，这对大数据产业和数字经济的持续健康发展形成潜在隐患，也成为制约大数据向生产要素正常转化并参与社会大生产的关键。文章在对大数据概念、属性重新认识的基础上，综合财经、法律等理论观点和实操技巧，阐述了大数据如何从商品流通要素演变为社会生产要素的市场逻辑以及使用价值如何注入大数据的资产化过程，并从实践视角提出大数据确权的法理基础和大数据交易所生态下交易定价模型。同时提出以数据税来弥补大数据采集环节个人和企业放弃的小微权利，将私权转化为社会公共产品，为大数据产业和要素市场发展提供新的借鉴。

Right Confirmation,Transaction Price and Capitalization Process:Theory Cogitation of Big-Data Transformation into Production Factors

Big data is the basis and strategic resource of digital economy, and is an important factor of economic development in the post epidemic era. However, the theoretical cognition of big data from all walks of life still lags behind its application practice, and there are many controversies about big data right confirmation, transaction pricing, and capitalization, which form potential risks for the sustainable and healthy development of big data industry and digital economy, and also become a constraint for the development of big data industry. Data is the key to the normal transformation of production factors and participation in social production. On the basis of a new understanding of the concept and attribute of big data, this paper expounds the market logic of how big data evolves from commodity circulation factors to social production factors and the capitalization process of how the use value is injected into big data, and puts forward the legal basis of big data right confirmation and the strategy of big data exchange ecology from a practical perspective. At the same time, the transaction pricing model proposes to use data tax to make up for the small and micro rights abandoned by individuals and enterprises in the big data collection link, and transform private rights into social public products, which provides new reference for the development of big data industry and factor markets.