中国政府经营城市的政治经济学分析

政府经营城市,在中国既被视作国家发展与城市发展的重要手段,是中国实现经济腾飞的关键,又因其政府主导的特征被批判为是对市场配置资源的扭曲。中国政府经营城市首先属于历史范畴,在不同的历史阶段表现出不同的特征;其次属于经济范畴,在城市生产力与生产关系的辩证运动下,政府经营城市表现为"国家、政府、城市"三者间的相互替代和互动影响。本文借助马克思"生产力—生产关系"范式构建"国家—政府—城市"理论分析框架,通过研究中国政府经营城市的阶段性主导力量和结构模式,发现中国政府经营城市的历史演进轨迹表现出"国家直接经营城市—适应市场化的转型调整—国家、政府、城市相互匹配治理"的过程;只有形成国家、政府、城市三者间的良性互动、培育城市力量、坚守行动边界,才能形成适应现代化要求的政府经营城市模式,真正建立推动城市、政府、国家实力提升的长效机制。

A Political and Economic Analysis of Government-managed City in China

The government-managed city is regarded as a significant measure for national development and urban management in China.Meanwhile,it is the key to achieve remarkable economic growth in China.However,it is also criticized as a serious distortion of the market allocation of resources because of its government-led characteristics.This article considers that Chinese government-managed city belongs to the historical category firstly,and has represented various characteristics at different stages in history.Secondly,it also belongs to the economic category.Under the dialectical movement of the relationship between urban productivity and production,government-managed city in China is represented by the mutual substitution and interactive influence among"state,government and city".With the aid of Marx’s"productivity-production relations"paradigm,this paper builds the"state-government-city"theoretical analysis framework.By studying the dominant force and structural pattern in government-managed city in China,we find that the evolution of history of the government managing city in China shows the"state directly managing cities—adapting to market-oriented transformation and adjustment—the state,government and city matching the governance process".Finally,we point out that only by forming a good interaction of state,government,and cities,fostering city strength,upholding the action boundary,can we adapt to the requirements of the modern government—managed city mode.Only in this way,can we build a long-term mechanism to promote the improvement of city,government and national strength.